This essay examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are becoming more integral to international affairs by affecting how global governors exert power and pursue digital sovereignty. We first introduce a taxonomy of multifaceted AI payoffs for governments and corporations related to instrumental, structural, and discursive power in the domains of violence, markets, and rights. We next leverage different institutional and practice perspectives on sovereignty to assess how digital sovereignty is variously implicated in AI-empowered global governance. States both seek sovereign control over AI infrastructures in the institutional approach, while establishing sovereign competence through AI infrastructures in the practice approach. Overall, we present the digital sovereignty stakes of AI as related to entanglements of public and private power. Rather than foreseeing technology companies as replacing states, we argue that AI systems will embed in global governance to create dueling dynamics of public/private cooperation and contestation. We conclude with sketching future directions for IR research on AI and global governance.

There is an "irrefutable" need for global governance of artificial intelligence and its development cannot be left to the "whims" of the market alone, a United Nations advisory body has warned. While national governments will play a crucial role in regulating AI, the borderless nature of the technology necessitates a "global approach", the High-level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence said in a report on Thursday. "The accelerating development of AI concentrates power and wealth on a global scale, with geopolitical and geoeconomic implications," the 39-member panel said. "Moreover, no one currently understands all of AI's inner workings enough to fully control its outputs or predict its evolution. Nor are decision-makers held accountable for developing, deploying or using systems they do not understand."

The United States and China will play an important role in navigating safety and security challenges relating to advanced artificial intelligence. We sought to better understand how experts in each country describe safety and security threats from advanced artificial intelligence, extreme risks from AI, and the potential for international cooperation. Specifically, we compiled publicly-available statements from major technical and policy leaders in both the United States and China. We focused our analysis on advanced forms of artificial intelligence, such as artificial general intelligence (AGI), that may have the most significant impacts on national and global security. Experts in both countries expressed concern about risks from AGI, risks from intelligence explosions, and risks from AI systems that escape human control. Both countries have also launched early efforts designed to promote international cooperation around safety standards and risk management practices. Notably, our findings only reflect information from publicly available sources. Nonetheless, our findings can inform policymakers and researchers about the state of AI discourse in the US and China. We hope such work can contribute to policy discussions around advanced AI, its global security threats, and potential international dialogues or agreements to mitigate such threats.

Malicious use of artificial intelligence systems could cause a "horrific" amount of death and destruction, the UN secretary general has said, calling for a new UN body to tackle the threats posed by the technology. António Guterres said harmful use of AI for terrorist, criminal or state purposes could also cause "deep psychological damage", and he said AI-enabled cyber-attacks were already targeting UN peacekeeping and humanitarian operations. "The malicious use of AI systems for terrorist, criminal or state purposes could cause horrific levels of death and destruction, widespread trauma and deep psychological damage on an unimaginable scale," Guterres said. Speaking at the first UN security council session on AI, he said the advent of generative AI – the term for AI tools such as ChatGPT that produce convincing text, image and voice from human prompts – could be a defining moment for disinformation and hate speech and add a "new dimension" to the manipulation of human behaviour. Guterres called for the creation of a new UN entity along the lines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to tackle the risks.

The pressing need for effective, timely and global governance of artificial intelligence Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is transforming our world. It has the potential to bring economic savings and to further research development in a wide range of problems ranging from climate change to the discovery of new cancer treatments to the retail shopping experience. However the economic and social benefit of AI must be weighed against the possibility of dystopian level scenarios such as the use of robots in making life or death decisions in war and issues already being seen, such as the spread of fake news and social media being used to influence elections. There is, at present, no regulatory body for the development of artificial intelligence. The One World Trust believes that this requires urgent action, and that we must develop effective, timely and global governance of AI in order to ensure that the benefits of these new technologies are shared, and potential harms minimised.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly dominant role in the lives of people around the world. As yet, however, it is subject to remarkably little governance, let alone global governance. There is a strong case for the establishment of a UN regime on Artificial Intelligence. Such a regime should include a supervisory body that can provide a democratic input. Artificial Intelligence has immense value to offer to humanity, such as improved efficiency, new capabilities, and solutions for complex problems.

Beyond Europe's AI Strategy: Global Governance for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Carolina Polito* On 19 February 2020, the European community welcomed the publication of three new documents that will drive the European Digital Agenda for the five years of the new von der Leyen's presidency. The documents are the European data strategy, the White Paper on Artificial Intelligence and the Report on Safety and Liability implications of AI, the Internet of Things and Robotics.[1] Together, these documents offer a comprehensive overview of European priorities for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The main objective underpinning the European data strategy, informed by the conviction that the value of data lies in its pooling and storage, is the creation of a single European data space in which information flows freely and safely. To accomplish this objective, the EU will establish mechanisms to improve how data is shared, including via common contractual obligations on presentation, so as to make it accessible across member states. Additionally, the EU has planned to allocate 2 billion euro in annual investments as an enabler for its overall data strategy.[2]

Apple Park, the corporate HQ of Apple Inc., located in California. Digitalization is evolving from an economic challenge to a governance and political problem. Some studies suggest that by 2030, Artificial Intelligence (AI) might contribute up to EUR 13.33 trillion to the global economy (more than the current output of China and India combined). The essence of the political conflict that raises the issue of global governance is what type of actor (a state or a digital corporation) will lead this process, creating global asymmetry in terms of trade, information flows, social structures and political power. This means challenging the international system as we know it. AI is generating new large-scale systems based on (1) services (such as traffic management and smart vehicles, international banking systems, and new healthcare ecosystems); (2) global value chains, the Internet of things (IoT) and robotics (Industry 4.0); and (3) electronics with a new generation of microprocessors and highly specialized chips.

Inc. shut down a project it had been developing for four years, a recruitment tool driven by machine learning. The concept was a simple and appealing one: at its core, the project aimed to develop an algorithm that would sort incoming job applications to isolate the short list for managers to use in making their final selections. Anyone who has been involved in such a process knows that isolating the top five or ten resumés from dozens of applicants is a time-consuming job. Any process that brings logic and speed to this stage of the recruitment chain can only be a good thing. But algorithms are only as good as the data used to drive them, and in the Amazon case the machine "learning" was based on patterns in applications submitted to the firm in the previous ten years.

Inc. shut down a project it had been developing for four years -- a recruitment tool driven by machine learning. The concept was a simple and appealing one: at its core, the project aimed to develop an algorithm that would sort incoming job applications to isolate the short list for managers to use in making their final selections. Anyone who has been involved in such a process knows that isolating the top five or ten resumés from dozens of applicants is a time-consuming job. Any process that brings logic and speed to this stage of the recruitment chain can only be a good thing. But algorithms are only as good as the data used to drive them, and in the Amazon case the machine "learning" was based on patterns in applications submitted to the firm in the previous ten years.